Appeal against conviction – Health and Safety at Work Act 2015, ss 37, 48 – eruption of Whakaari White Island – did WML have a duty under s 37 as a PCBU who “managed or controlled” the workplace on Whakaari? – if WML had a duty under s 37, was it reasonably practicable for it to obtain a risk assessment for its business? – test for causation under s 48 Health and Safety at Work Act

Whakaari Management Ltd v WorkSafe New Zealand [2025] NZHC 288 per Moore J